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4 examples in this view

Updated June 2026 · United KingdomReal exampleDeep Dive15-marker25-marker

UK inflation holds at 2.8%

UK CPI inflation was 2.8% in May 2026, unchanged from April but lower than March. This example is useful because it can support two different arguments: lower inflation may improve real incomes and confidence, but it may also signal weaker demand depending on the cause.

Chain

Lower inflation → slower rise in living costs → possible improvement in real incomes → stronger consumer confidence → higher consumption → AD may rise

Evaluation

The impact depends on why inflation is lower. If inflation falls because supply conditions improve, growth may be supported. If it falls because demand is weak, growth may slow.

Diagram

AD/AS diagram showing reduced inflationary pressure

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Updated June 2026 · GlobalReal exampleDeep Dive15-marker25-marker

Oil price volatility raises business cost risks

Oil price volatility is useful for A-Level Economics because oil affects transport, production and energy costs across the economy. If oil prices rise or remain elevated, firms may face higher costs, creating cost-push inflation and reducing short-run aggregate supply.

Chain

Higher or volatile oil prices → higher transport and production costs → firms face rising costs → SRAS may shift left → price level rises and real output falls

Evaluation

The impact depends on whether oil prices remain high, how energy-intensive firms are, and whether businesses absorb costs or pass them on to consumers.

Diagram

AD/AS diagram showing SRAS shifting left

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Updated July 2026 · China / GlobalReal example25-markerTrade

China’s growth slows and affects global demand

Slower growth in China → weaker global demand → lower exports for trading partners → AD falls → slower economic growth

Chain

Slower growth in China → weaker global demand → lower exports for trading partners → AD falls → slower economic growth

Evaluation

The impact depends on how dependent each economy is on Chinese demand and whether domestic demand can offset weaker exports.

Diagram

AD/AS diagram showing weaker external demand reducing AD

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Updated April 2026 · United KingdomReal example12-marker15-marker

Minimum wage increases raise pay for low-income workers

Higher minimum wage → higher incomes for low-paid workers → improved living standards → possible rise in consumption

Chain

Higher minimum wage → higher incomes for low-paid workers → improved living standards → possible rise in consumption

Evaluation

The effect depends on the elasticity of demand for labour, the size of the wage increase and whether firms respond by raising prices or reducing employment.

Diagram

Labour market diagram showing a wage floor above equilibrium

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Practice

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15-marker

Evaluate the view that lower inflation will always improve economic growth in a developed economy such as the UK.

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15-marker

Evaluate the view that rising oil prices are likely to cause significant problems for economic growth.

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